しらんかった〜。
fetch is not available in Node, which is where Jest is running your tests. Is it an experimental browser technology.
You will need to polyfill the behaviour if you want to make actual http calls, or mock fetch to simulate network requests.
https://github.com/facebook/jest/issues/2071#issuecomment-259709487
yarn add -D whatwg-fetch
して
jest.setup.js
に
const fetchPolifill = require('whatwg-fetch')
global.fetch = fetchPolifill.fetch
global.Request = fetchPolifill.Request
global.Headers = fetchPolifill.Headers
global.Response = fetchPolifill.Response